Amasistimu kagesi ezimoto zikagesi akha umgogodla wokushintshwa kwezinto zokuhamba zibe ngogesi, anquma ukuthi i-EV iguqula kanjani amandla agciniwe abe ukunyakaza. Ukubaluleka kwale masistimu akunakugcizelelwa ngokweqile, ngoba athinta ngqo ubude bohambo lwemoto, ukusebenza kwayo, ukuphepha, kanye nolwazi lwangempela lokuba ngumnikazi. Yonke inkampani yezimoto zikagesi, noma igxile ezimotweni ezinamasondo amabili, ezinamasondo amane, noma ezimotweni zezohwebo, kumele ibeke phambili ukuklanywa kwesistimu yamandla ukuze ihlale iqhudelana emakethe eshintsha ngokushesha. Izingxenye ezibalulekile zesistimu yamandla ye-EV zihlanganisa ibhakede lebhethri, injini kagesi, ishaja engaphakathi emotweni, kanye ne-electronics yamandla ehlanganisa konke ndawonye. Ngaphandle kwesistimu yamandla ehlanganiswe kahle, ngisho nomzimba wemoto ongenawo umoya kakhulu noma isistimu yokuzijabulisa eyinkimbinkimbi ingahluleka ukuletha ulwazi lokushayela olukhohlisayo. Ukuqonda lezi zingxenye nokuthi zisebenzisana kanjani kubalulekile kubaqhubi bezimoto, abakhiqizi, kanye nabasebenzisi bokugcina abafuna ukwenza izinqumo ezifanele zokuthenga. Lesi sihloko sinikeza ukuhlola okuphelele kwamasistimu amandla e-EV, kuhlanganiswe ubuchwepheshe bamabhethri, ingqalasizinda yokushaja, i-electronics yamandla, kanye nezitayela ezisafufusa ezizobumba isizukulwane esilandelayo sokuhamba ngogesi.

Ubuchwepheshe bebhetri yinto ebaluleke kakhulu kunazo zonke ohlelweni lwamandla emoto kagesi, njengoba lwakha ingxenye enkulu yezindleko nesisindo semoto. Amabhetri e-lithium-ion abusa imakethe yamanje ngenxa yokugcwala kwawo kwamandla aphezulu, impilo ende yokusebenza, kanye nezindleko zokukhiqiza ezihlayo, okwenza kube ukukhetha okuzenzakalelayo kuzo zonke izinkampani zezimoto zikagesi namuhla. Nokho, amabhetri e-solid-state avela njengenye indlela yesizukulwane esilandelayo, enikeza ukugcwala kwamandla okukhulu, izikhathi zokushaja ezisheshayo, nokuphepha okuthuthukisiwe ngokushintsha i-electrolyte ewuketshezi ibe eyokuqinile. Okwamanje, amabhetri e-sodium-ion athola ukunakwa njengenketho enezindleko eziphansi, esimeme kakhudlwana, ikakhulukazi ezinhlelweni lapho izidingo zokugcwala kwamandla zingekho eziqinile, njengakwezinye izithuthuthu zikagesi ezinamasondo amabili nezinhlelo zokugcina amandla. Uhlobo ngalunye lwamakhemikhali ebhetri lunezinkinga ezihlukile phakathi kwezindleko, ukusebenza, ukuphepha, nomthelela wemvelo, futhi abakhiqizi kumele bakhethe ngokucophelela uhlobo olufanele lwamakhemikhali lwengxenye yemoto abayikhomba. Isibonelo, isithuthuthu sikagesi sika-ola singase sibeke phambili amaseli e-lithium-ion alula, ashaja ngokushesha, kuyilapho imoto kagesi ka-mahindra eklanyelwe uhambo olude ingase izuze ekugcwalisweni kwamandla aphezulu kwamaseli e-solid-state esikhathini esizayo. Ukwehlukahlukana kwamakhemikhali ebhetri kuqinisekisa ukuthi imboni ingakwazi ukulungisa izixazululo zezimo ezihlukene zokusetshenziswa, kusukela ekuhambeni kwedolobha okungabizi kakhulu kuya ezimotweni eziphezulu ezihamba ibanga elide.

Uhlelo Lokulawulwa Kwebhethri (BMS) ingqondo ehlakaniphile yephakethe lebhethri, enomsebenzi wokuqapha amandla kagesi (voltage), umsinga (current), izinga lokushisa, kanye nesimo sokushaja kumaseli ngamanye. I-BMS iqinisekisa ukuthi iseli ngalinye lisebenza ngaphakathi komkhawulo walo wokuphepha, livimbela ukushajwa ngokweqile, ukukhishwa ngokweqile, kanye nokushisa ngokweqile (thermal runaway), okungaholela emlilweni noma ekulahlekelweni kwamandla unomphela. Amayunithi esimanje e-BMS nawo enza ukulinganisa kwamaseli (cell balancing), okwandisa isikhathi sokuphila sephakethe lonke ngokulinganisa ukushaja kuwo wonke amaseli, futhi axhumana nesilawuli esikhulu semoto ukuze athuthukise ukulethwa kwamandla. Izinkampani ezifana ne-深圳市富嘉电源科技有限公司 (Fujia Power) zakhe izixazululo ze-BMS eziyinkimbinkimbi ezihambisana nezinhlobo ezahlukene zezimoto, okuhlanganisa ama-e-bike, ama-e-moto, izinqola zegalofu, kanye nezimoto ezinesivinini esiphansi. Imikhiqizo yabo ye-BMS ihlanganisa ama-algorithm athuthukile okuqapha ngesikhathi sangempela, ukutholwa kwamaphutha, kanye nokuxhumana ngefu, okunika amaqembu abaqhubi bezimoto ithuba lokulandelela impilo yebhethri bekude. I-BMS eqinile ayiyona into ongayikhetha; iyingxenye eyisibopho yokuphepha nokusebenza kunoma yiluphi uhlelo lwamandla lwe-EV lwanamuhla. Ukuze uthole eminye imininingwane ngemikhiqizo ye-BMS yakwaFujia Power, ungavakashela iwebhusayithi yabo.I-BMS yezimoto zikagesi ezingama-E-bikes/E-motos/AGV ikhasi lemininingwane eningiliziwe.

Ukuphepha kwebhethri sekuphenduke ukukhathazeka okukhulu kubathengi nabalawuli ngokufanayo, ikakhulukazi ngemva kwezehlakalo ezivelele zokushisa ezithinta izinhlobo ezithile zezimoto zikagesi. Amaphakethe ebhethri anamuhla aklanywe ngezingqimba eziningi zokuvikela, okuhlanganisa izinto ezingavuthi mlilo, ama-valve okukhulula umfutho, kanye nezinhlelo eziyinkimbinkimbi zokulawula ukushisa ezisebenzisa ukupholisa ngoketshezi noma ukupholisa ngomoya ukuze kugcinwe amazinga okushisa afanele. Umjikelezo wokuphila kwebhethri lemoto kagesi ngokuvamile uthatha iminyaka engu-8 kuya kwengu-15 noma amakhilomitha angu-100,000 kuya kwangu-200,000, kuye ngendlela yokusetshenziswa, imikhuba yokushaja, nezimo zemvelo. Ukuphathwa kokuphela kokuphila kubalulekile ngokufanayo, ngoba ukugaywa kabusha kanye nokusetshenziswa kwesibili (okufana nokugcina amandla okungaguquki) kungathola izinto eziyigugu ezifana ne-lithium, i-cobalt, ne-nickel, kunciphisa umthelela wemoto emvelweni. Abakhiqizi baya ngokuya beklama amabhethri ngokucabangela ukuthi angagaywa kabusha, futhi izinhlaka zokulawula eYurophu, eChina, naseNyakatho Melika ziphusha amazinga aphezulu okugaywa kabusha. Kubaphathi bezimoto eziningi abaphethe izimoto ezifana ne-bajaj electric auto, ukuqonda umjikelezo wokuphila kwebhethri nezinhlelo zokunakekela kubalulekile ekunciphiseni izindleko zokuba ngumnikazi kanye nokuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuthembekile phakathi nesikhathi sokuphila kwemoto.

Ingqalasizinda yokushaja iyinsika yesibili ye-ecosystem yezimoto zikagesi, futhi ukuqonda umehluko phakathi kokushaja nge-AC nange-DC kubalulekile kubo bobabili abakhiqizi nabasebenzisi bokugcina. Ukushaja nge-AC (i-alternating current), okuvame ukubizwa ngokuthi ukushaja kwe-Level 1 noma i-Level 2, kusebenzisa ishaja engaphakathi emotweni ukuguqula amandla e-AC avela kugridi abe amandla e-DC angagcinwa ibhetri. Le ndlela ihamba kancane, ngokuvamile iletha amandla angu-3 kuya ku-22 kW, kodwa ithengeka kalula futhi ilungele ukushaja ebusuku ekhaya noma emsebenzini. Ukushaja ngokushesha nge-DC (i-direct current), ngakolunye uhlangothi, kugxuma ishaja engaphakathi emotweni ngokuphelele, kuletha amandla aphezulu e-DC ngqo ebhetri, ngejubane elisukela ku-50 kW kuya ngaphezu kuka-350 kW kuma-ultra-fast charger akamuva. Ukushaja ngokushesha nge-DC kubalulekile ohambweni lwezibanga ezinde kanye nezimoto zezohwebo ezidinga ukujika ngokushesha, njengamaveni okuletha izimpahla noma izimoto zokugibela abantu. Ukululai-charger ephathwayo izixazululo nazo zandise izinketho zokushaja kubasebenzisi abadinga ukuguquguquka ngale kweziteshi zokushaja ezihleliwe, okubenza bakwazi ukushaja izimoto zabo cishe noma kuphi lapho kukhona indawo yokushaja ejwayelekile.

Iqhaza eliqinile lokushaja lihlanganisa izimo ezintathu eziyinhloko zokusetshenziswa: ukushaja ekhaya, ukushaja emsebenzini, nokushaja endaweni yomphakathi, ngayinye isebenzela izidingo ezahlukene zabasebenzisi kanye nezindlela zokushayela. Ukushaja ekhaya kuyindlela elula kakhulu futhi engabizi kakhulu, evumela abanikazi bezimoto zikagesi ukuthi baxhume ebusuku futhi baqale usuku ngalunye nebhetri eligcwele, okusiza kakhulu abanikazi bemoto kagesi ye-mahindra noma izimoto ezifanayo ezisetshenziswa nsuku zonke. Ukushaja emsebenzini kugcwalisa igebe kubasebenzi abangase bangabi nethuba lokushaja ekhaya, okubavumela ukuthi bashaje phakathi nosuku lomsebenzi futhi kunciphisa ukukhathazeka ngebanga. Amanethiwekhi okushaja omphakathi, okuhlanganisa lawo aqhutshwa abahlinzeki abafanaUkusekelaizinkampani zezinsiza kanye nezinye izinkampani zengqalasizinda, zibalulekile ekunikezeni amandla ohambo olude kanye nokusebenzela abasebenzisi ezindaweni zasemadolobheni ezingenandawo yokupaka ezinikezelwe. Ukunwetshwa kweziteshi zokushaja ze-evgo emigwaqweni emikhulu nasezikhungweni zamadolobha kubonise ukuthi ukubekwa kahle kweziteshi zokushaja ngokushesha kungasheshisa ukwamukelwa kwezimoto zikagesi ngokuqeda ukukhathazeka ngebanga. Ezinhlelweni zezohwebo ezifana nomkhumbi wezithuthuthu zikagesi ze-ola noma insizakalo yetekisi likagesi le-bajaj, inhlanganisela yokushaja ebusuku endaweni yokugcina izimoto kanye nokushaja ngokushesha emini iqinisekisa ukuthi izimoto zisebenza isikhathi esiningi kanye nokusebenza kahle.

Izinga lokushaja ngokushesha lithuthuke ngokushesha ukuze lihambisane namandla ebhetri akhulayo kanye nokulindela kwabathengi izikhathi ezimfushane zokushaja. Amazinga avamile omhlaba wonke ahlanganisa i-CCS (Combined Charging System), i-CHAdeMO, i-GB/T (ikakhulukazi e-China), kanye ne-Tesla's NACS (North American Charging Standard) eyingqayizivele, esanda kuthola ukwamukelwa okubanzi embonini. I-CCS iba yizinga elivelele kulo lonke elaseYurophu naseNyakatho Melika, lisekela amazinga amandla afinyelela ku-350 kW futhi linika amandla izimoto ezihambisanayo ukuthi zengeze amakhilomitha angamakhulu ububanzi ngezikhathi ezingaphansi kwemizuzu engu-30. E-China, izinga le-GB/T lisetshenziswa kabanzi kokubili ukushaja kwe-AC ne-DC, kanti uhulumeni ugqugquzela amandla okushaja ashesha kakhulu afinyelela ku-900 kW ekubuyekezweni kwesikhathi esizayo. Ukusebenzisana phakathi kwamazinga kuseyinselele, kodwa ama-charger amaningi omphakathi manje anikeza izinhlobo eziningi zokuxhuma noma izintambo ezimbili ukuze amukele izimoto ezahlukene. Enkampanini yezimoto zikagesi engena ezimakethe ezintsha, ukukhetha izimoto ezisekela izinga lokushaja elivamile lendawo kuyisinqumo esibalulekile somkhakha esithinta ukwaneliseka kwamakhasimende nokuhambisana kwengqalasizinda.

Amandla kagesi angamaqhawe angabonakali ohlelweni lwamandla emoto kagesi, aguqule futhi alawule amandla kagesi phakathi kwebhethri, injini, nezinye izingxenye zemoto. I-inverter ingumkhiqizo obaluleke kakhulu wezinto zikagesi, eguqula amandla e-DC avela ebhethrini abe amandla e-AC ukuze ashayele injini kagesi, ngamazinga okusebenza kahle manje asedlula u-97% ekwakhiweni kwesimanje okusekelwe ku-silicon carbide (SiC). Ama-converter e-DC-DC ehlisa amandla kagesi aphezulu ebhethrini (ngokuvamile 400V noma 800V) abe amandla aphansi (12V noma 48V) adingekayo ezinhlelweni zokusiza ezifana nezibani, i-infotainment, nokulawula isimo sezulu. Izilawuli zenjini zilawula i-torque, isivinini, nokuvuselela kabusha, ziqinisekisa ukusheshisa okubushelelezi futhi zithole amandla ngesikhathi sokubhuleka ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kahle kukonke. Izinkampani ezifana ne-深圳市富嘉电源科技有限公司 zikhiqiza izixazululo ezihlanganisiwe zamandla kagesi ezihlanganisa ukushaja, ukuguqula, nokulawula imisebenzi kube amamojula ahlangene, asebenza kahle ngokushisa. Umkhuba wohlelo lwamandla aphezulu (800V nangaphezulu) ushukumisela ukusungulwa kwezinto ezintsha zezinto zokwakha ze-semiconductor zamandla, lapho i-SiC ne-gallium nitride (GaN) zivumela amandla kagesi amancane, alula, futhi asebenza kahle kakhulu.

Ukulahleka kokusebenza kahle ku-power electronics kukhiqiza ukushisa, okumele kulawulwe ngempumelelo ukuze kugcinwe ukusebenza kahle futhi kuvinjwe ukuwohloka kwezingxenye. Izinhlelo zokulawula ukushisa ze-power electronics ngokuvamile zisebenzisa amapulangwe okupholisa oketshezi, ama-heat sink, noma izinto ezishintsha isigaba ukuze kususwe ukushisa kude namadivayisi e-semiconductor azwela. Ukuklanywa kokushisa okungasebenzi kahle kungaholela ekwehliseni amandla (ukunciphisa amandla okukhiphayo) noma ukwehluleka ngaphambi kwesikhathi, kokubili okubeka engozini ukuthembeka kwemoto nobubanzi bayo. Amasu athuthukile okulawula ukushisa, njengemigudu yokupholisa ehlanganisiwe ngaphakathi kwe-inverter housing kanye nokupholisa okuqondile kwama-power module, sekuyindinganiso ezimotweni zikagesi ezisebenza kahle kakhulu. Imiklamo yemikhiqizo ye-Fujia Power, njengoba ichaziwe kweyaboIKHATHALOGU YAMASHAJA E-FUJIA, gqamisa ukulungiswa kokushisa ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukushaja okungaguquki kanye nokulethwa kwamandla ezimweni ezahlukahlukene zokusebenza. Kubaphathi bezimoto abaphethe izimoto eziningi, ukuthembeka kwezinto zikagesi kuthinta ngqo izindleko zokulungisa kanye nesikhathi sokusebenza kwemoto, okwenza ukuphathwa kokushisa kube yinto ebalulekile yokuthenga lapho kuhlolwa okunikezwa yinkampani yezimoto zikagesi.

Ukushaja ngokungenazintambo, okwaziwa nangokuthi i-inductive charging, kuthembisa ukuqeda isidingo sezintambo zikagesi nezixhumi, kunikeze isipiliyoni sokushaja esingenasiphazamiso kubanikazi bezimoto zikagesi (EV). Ubuchwazi busebenza ngokudlulisa amandla ngenkambu kazibuthe kagesi phakathi kwephedi elisemhlabathini nelitholayo elifakwe ngaphansi kwemoto, futhi amazinga okusebenza kahle manje asezingeni elingaba ngu-93% ezimweni zaselabhorethri. Abakhiqizi bezimoto nabahlinzeki bengqalasizinda bayahlola izinhlelo zokushaja ngokungenazintambo zezimoto zabantu, amatekisi, ngisho namabhasi ezimoto zomphakathi, lapho ukulula kokushaja ngokuzenzakalelayo ezitobhini kungathuthukisa kakhulu ukusebenza kahle. Enkampanini yezimoto zikagesi esebenza ngezimoto ezabiwe noma izimoto ezizishayelayo, ukushaja ngokungenazintambo kukhanga kakhulu ngoba kwenza ukushaja kungenzeke ngaphandle kokungenelela komuntu, kukhulise ukusetshenziswa kwemoto. Izinselele eziyinhloko zihlala ukufana kwezindinganiso, izindleko, nokubekezelela ukuqondana, kodwa ucwaningo oluqhubekayo nokutshalwa kwezimali okuvela kubakhiqizi bezimoto nabahlinzeki bezingxenye kusebenzela ukuxazulula lezi zithiyo ngokuqhubekayo.

Ubuchwepheshe be-Vehicle-to-grid (V2G) buguqula imoto kagesi isuke iwumsebenzisi wamandla ongenzi lutho ibe umthombo wamandla osebenzayo ongakwazi ukubuyisela amandla kugridi ngezikhathi zesidingo esikhulu. Uma i-EV ixhunywe futhi ingashaji, ibhetri yayo ingakhipha ugesi iwuyise kugridi, isize ukulinganisa ukunikezwa nokudingeka futhi inikeze umnikazi wemoto umthombo wemali engenayo. I-V2G idinga ama-charger anamandla amabili (bidirectional chargers) kanye nezinhlelo zokuxhumana ezihlakaniphile phakathi kwemoto, i-charger, nomqhubi wegridi, okudala inethiwekhi yokugcina amandla esatshalalisiwe evela ezigidini zezimoto ezimile. Izinkampani ezifana ne-Fujia Power zihlola izinkundla ezisekelwe kufu (cloud-based platforms), njengezazo.Inkundla yamafu, ukuze kunikwe amandla ukuqapha nokuphathwa kude kwezimpahla zamabhethri, okuyikhono eliyisisekelo lokusebenzisa i-V2G. Emabhizinisini asebenzisa izimoto zikagesi, i-V2G ingaphendula izimoto ezingasebenzi zibe yizimpahla ezikhiqiza imali, inciphise izindleko zokuba ngumnikazi futhi isheshise imbuyiselo yokutshalwa kwezimali.

Inzuzo ephelele yemvelo yezimoto zikagesi itholakala kuphela uma zishajwa ngamandla avuselelekayo, okwenza ukuhlanganiswa kokushaja kwe-EV namandla elanga, umoya, neminye imithombo yamandla ahlanzekile kube yinto ebalulekile okufanele ibhekwe kuqala. Izinhlelo zokushaja ezihlakaniphile zingahlela ngokuzenzakalelayo izikhathi zokushaja ukuze zihambisane nezikhathi zokukhiqizwa kwamandla avuselelekayo amaningi, njengezikhathi zasemini lapho ilanga likhanya kakhulu, kunciphisa zombili izindleko zamandla nengcindezi kugesi. Abanye abanikazi be-EV bayafaka amaphaneli elanga ophahleni lwezindlu zabo behlanganisa nesitoreji samandla sasekhaya ukuze bazuze ukuzimela okuphelele kwamandla ezidingweni zabo zokuhamba. Ezingeni lokukhiqiza ugesi, izinhlelo ezinkulu zokugcina amandla ezihlanganiswe namapulazi elanga noma omoya zingagcina amandla avuselelekayo engeziwe futhi ziwakhiphe ukuze zishaje izimoto zikagesi ngesikhathi sakusihlwa lapho ukukhiqizwa kwamandla avuselelekayo kwehla. Enkampanini yezimoto zikagesi enomgomo wokusimama, ukunikeza izimoto nama-charger ahambisana nokuhlanganiswa kwamandla avuselelekayo akulona nje kuphela ithuba lokumaketha kodwa kuwumnikelo wangempela ekwehliseni ukukhishwa kwekhabhoni emkhakheni wezokuthutha. Ukusebenzisana phakathi kwe-EV namandla avuselelekayo kungumjikelezo omuhle ozoqhubeka uqina njengoba bobabili ubuchwepheshe buqhubeka bukhula nezindleko zehla.

I-Shenzhen Fujia Power Technology Co., Ltd., esebenza ngaphansi kwegama lomkhiqizo i-Fujia Power, isizimise njengomdlali obalulekile ochungechungeni lokuhlinzekwa kwezingxenye zezimoto zikagesi, ikakhulukazi emkhakheni wokuphathwa kwamabhethri nezixazululo zokushaja. Uhlu lwemikhiqizo yenkampani luhlanganisa amayunithi e-BMS ama-e-bike, ama-e-moto, izinqola zegalofu, izimoto ezinesivinini esiphansi, kanye nezinhlelo zokushintshana ngamabhethri, kanye nohlu lwamashaja aphathwayo nangokungangeni emanzini. Okuhlukanisa i-Fujia Power ukugxila kwayo emakethe yasekhaya yaseShayina nasezimakethe ezisafufusayo lapho izimoto ezinamasondo amabili nezinamasondo amathathu zilawula khona ukuhamba emadolobheni, ihlinzeka ngezixazululo ezenzelwe izimoto ezifana ne-ola electric scooter ne-bajaj electric auto ezidinga ama-electronics amandla aqinile, anezindleko eziphansi. Ukuzibophezela kwenkampani kwekhwalithi kubonakala ekutshalweni kwezimali kwe-R&D, ezitifiketini zokukhiqiza, nasekubambisaneni ngamasu nabakhiqizi bezimoto nabahlanganisi bamaphakethe amabhethri. Izintsha ze-Fujia Power kubuchwepheshe be-BMS obuxhumene nefu bunika amandla ukuqapha amabhethri ngesikhathi sangempela nokulungiswa okubikezelwayo, okubalulekile kubaqhubi bezimfuyo abaphethe izinombolo ezinkulu zezimoto. Ukuze ufunde kabanzi ngomlando wenkampani nomsebenzi wayo, vakashela i-Mayelana Nathi ikhasi. Ngokugxila ekuthembekeni, ukuphepha, nokusimama, i-Fujia Power ibonisa ukuthi abakhiqizi bezingxenye ezikhethekile bangaqhuba ukwamukelwa okubanzi kokuhamba ngogesi ezigabeni ezahlukene zezimoto nasezimakethe zomhlaba.

Indlela ye-Fujia Power yokuthuthukisa imikhiqizo igcizelela ukwakheka okuguquguqukayo nokwandiseka, ivumela amakhasimende ukuthi akhethe kumalungiselelo ajwayelekile noma acele izixazululo ezenziwe ngokwezidingo zezimoto ezihlukile. Imikhiqizo yabo yamashaja aphathwayo, ngokwesibonelo, yakhelwe ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zezimoto zokulethwa komgwaqo wokugcina kanye nezinto zokuhamba zomuntu siqu, inikeza izinketho zokushaja eziguquguqukayo ezingadingi ingqalasizinda ekhethekile. Izixazululo ze-BMS zenkampani zakhelwe ukuphatha izimo ezinzima zamanethiwekhi okushintshana amabhethri, lapho amabhethri evame ukujikeleza futhi kufanele ahlangabezane namazinga aphezulu okuphepha ukuze avikele abasebenzisi nemishini. I-Fujia Power iphinde inikeze ukwesekwa kwezobuchwepheshe okuphelele kanye nemibhalo, okuhlanganisa amakhathalogi nezincwadi zomsebenzisi, ukuze iqinisekise ukuhlanganiswa okungenazinkinga nezinhlelo zamakhasimende. Njengoba imboni yezimoto zikagesi iqhubeka nokuthuthuka, izinkampani ezifana ne-Fujia Power zizodlala indima ebalulekile ngokwandayo ekuhlinzekeni izingxenye ezibalulekile ezenza izimoto zikagesi ziphephe, zisebenze kahle, futhi zibe nezindleko eziphansi kubantu bomhlaba wonke.

Isistimu yamandla emoto kagesi ibhekisela kunethiwekhi ehlanganisiwe yezingxenye ezigcina, eziphathe, futhi zilethe amandla kagesi ukuze ziqhubekisele phambili imoto. Ihlanganisa iphakethe lebhethri, isistimu yokuphatha ibhethri (BMS), injini kagesi, ishaja esemotweni, ama-inverter, ama-converter, kanye nezisistimu zokuphatha ukushisa. Le sistimu ibalulekile ngoba inquma ngqo ibanga lemoto, ukusebenza kwayo, ukuphepha, isivinini sokushaja, nokwethembeka okuphelele. Kunoma iyiphi inkampani yezimoto zikagesi, isistimu yamandla iyona ehlukanisa kakhulu ethinta ukwaneliseka kwamakhasimende nezindleko zokusebenza.

I-BMS ithuthukisa ukuphepha kwe-EV ngokuqapha ngokuqhubekayo i-voltage, i-current, izinga lokushisa, kanye nesimo sokushaja kwe-cell ngayinye epaketheni lebhetri. Ivimbela ukushaja ngokweqile, ukukhipha amandla ngokweqile, kanye nezingozi zokufinyeza, okuyizimbangela ezivamile zomlilo webhetri nokushisa okungalawuleki. I-BMS iphinde yenze ukulinganisa kwama-cell ukuze iqinisekise ukuguga okufanayo kanye nomthamo omkhulu osebenzisekayo, futhi ingakwazi ukudlulisa izexwayiso zamaphutha kumshayeli noma kumqhubi wezimoto ngesikhathi sangempela. Izinkampani ezifana ne-深圳市富嘉电源科技有限公司 zakha amayunithi akhethekile e-BMS afaka lezi zici zokuphepha ezihambisana nezinhlobo ezahlukene zezimoto.

Ukushaja nge-AC kusebenzisa i-chaja engaphakathi emotweni ukuguqula ugesi oshintshanayo (AC) ovela kugridi ube ugesi oqondile (DC) ozoya kubhethri, futhi ngokuvamile kunikeza isivinini sokushaja esiphansi (3 kuya ku-22 kW), okukwenza kufanelekele ukushaja ebusuku noma emsebenzini. Ukushaja nge-DC kunikeza ugesi oqondile onamandla aphezulu ngqo kubhethri, kungadluli ku-chaja engaphakathi emotweni, futhi kungakhipha amandla angu-50 kW kuya ngaphezu kuka-350 kW, okwenza kube nokwenzeka ukushaja ngokushesha ngesikhathi sohambo olude. Ukushaja nge-AC kushibhile futhi kutholakala kabanzi, kuyilapho ukushaja nge-DC kubalulekile ekushajeni ngokushesha ezimweni zokusebenza zezohwebo noma zamabanga amade.

Yebo, izikuta eziningi zikagesi, kuhlanganise ne-Ola electric scooter, ziklanyelwe ukuthi zisebenze neziteshi zokushaja zomphakathi ze-AC zisebenzisa imbobo yokushaja ejwayelekile. Amanye amamodeli asekela ukushaja okusheshayo kwe-DC, nakuba ngamazinga aphansi kunezimoto zabagibeli. Kubalulekile ukubheka uhlobo lwe-connector yokushaja kanye nezidingo zamandla kagesi zemodeli yakho yesikuta. Amanethiwekhi omphakathi afana neziteshi zokushaja ze-evgo kanye nabanye abahlinzeki baya ngokuya bengeza ama-connector afanele izimoto ezinamasondo amabili ezimakethe ezinkulu zasemadolobheni.

Umjikelezo wokuphila ojwayelekile webhethri ye-EV ungiminyaka engu-8 kuya kwengu-15 noma amakhilomitha angu-100,000 kuya kwangu-200,000, kuye ngendlela yokusetshenziswa nezimo zemvelo. Umjikelezo wokuphila ungandiswa ngokugwema ukukhishwa okujulile okuvamile, ukunciphisa ukuchayeka emazingeni okushisa ashubile, ukusebenzisa ukushaja kwe-AC esikhundleni sokushaja okusheshayo kwe-DC ezidingweni zansuku zonke, nokugcina izinga lokushaja phakathi kuka-20% no-80% lapho kungenzeka. I-BMS enhle nayo isiza ukukhulisa impilo yebhethri ngokulinganisa amaseli kahle nokulawula ukushisa okufanele. Abakhiqizi abaningi, okuhlanganisa ne-Fujia Power, bahlinzeka ngezixazululo ze-BMS ezisekela ngenkuthalo ukuphila isikhathi eside kwebhethri.

Imoto kagesi yakwa-Mahindra ngokuvamile ingashajwa kusetshenziswa ibhokisi elijwayelekile lasekhaya le-AC (3.3 kuya ku-7.4 kW) ukuze ishajwe ebusuku, ama-charger e-AC asemsebenzini, kanye nama-DC fast charger omphakathi (afinyelela ku-50 kW noma ngaphezulu kuye ngohlobo lwemoto) ukuze uhambe ibanga elide. Izimoto zikagesi zakwa-Mahindra ezithengiswa eNdiya nakwezinye izimakethe zisebenzisa izindinganiso zokushaja ze-CCS noma ze-GB/T kuye ngesifunda. Abanikazi kufanele babheke incwadi yemoto yabo ukuze bathole ukuhambisana kwendawo yokushaja kanye nezinqubo ezinconyiwe zokushaja.

I-V2G (Vehicle-to-Grid) ubuchwepheshe obuvumela imoto kagesi ukuthi ikhiphe ugesi ebhethrini layo ibuyisele kugridi kagesi lapho imoto imisiwe futhi ixhunywe kushaja osebenza ngezindlela ezimbili. Lokhu kusiza ukulinganisa isidingo sikagesi ngezikhathi zokupakama, kusekela ukuhlanganiswa kwamandla avuselelekayo, futhi kunganikeza umnikazi wemoto umvuzo wezezimali. I-V2G idinga ihadiwe ehambisanayo (ishaja esebenza ngezindlela ezimbili), isofthiwe (inkundla yokuphatha amandla), kanye nesivumelwano sokuxhuma kugridi nenkampani kagesi yendawo. Lo mqondo usaqala ukusetshenziswa kwezentengiselwano kodwa kulindeleke ukuthi ukhule kakhulu eminyakeni ezayo.

Yebo, izixazululo zokushaja eziphathwayo ziyatholakala ezimotweni zikagesi ezihlanganisa i-Bajaj electric auto, futhi zinikeza ukuguquguquka kubashayeli abangenawo umthombo wokushaja ongaguquki. I-Fujia Power, ngokwesibonelo, ikhiqiza ama-charger aphathwayo angaxhunywa ezindaweni ezijwayelekile zasekhaya noma zezimboni, inikeza inketho elula yokushaja ephuthumayo. Ama-charger aphathwayo ngokuvamile anikeza amandla aphansi (600W kuya ku-1260W) futhi afaneleka kakhulu ukushaja ebusuku noma ephuthumayo kunokushaja ngokushesha nsuku zonke.

Izinhlobo eziyinhloko zamakhemikhali ebhetri ye-EV yi-lithium-ion (NMC, LFP, NCA), i-solid-state, ne-sodium-ion. I-lithium-ion (ikakhulukazi i-LFP) yiyona evame kakhulu njengamanje ngenxa yokulinganisela kwayo kokuminyana kwamandla, izindleko, nokuphepha. Amabhetri e-solid-state athembisa ukuminyana kwamandla okuphezulu nokuphepha okuthuthukisiwe kodwa awakakhiqizwa ngobuningi ezinhlelweni zezimoto. Amabhetri e-sodium-ion anikeza izindleko eziphansi nokutholakala kwezinto eziningi kodwa anokuminyana kwamandla okuphansi, okwenza afaneleke ezimotweni ezingenela abasaqalayo kanye nokugcina amandla. Akukho "kungcono" okukodwa kwamakhemikhali—ukukhetha okufanele kuncike esigabeni semoto, izinhloso zezindleko, nezidingo zokusebenza.

Ungafunda okwengeziwe ngemikhiqizo ye-Fujia Power ye-BMS namashaja ngokuvakashela iwebhusayithi yabo esemthethweni futhi uhlole i-Imikhiqizo ikhasi, elibala amashaja aphathwayo, amashaja angangeni emanzini, namabhodi okuvikela e-BMS ezinhlobonhlobo zezimoto. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-IKHATHALOGU YE-FUJIA BMS futhi IKHATHALOGU YAMASHAJA E-FUJIA hlinzeka ngemininingwane yobuchwepheshe eningiliziwe kanye nemibhalo yokusekela yonjiniyela kanye nabasebenzi bokuthenga.